生物炭与复合肥混施对植烟土壤及烤烟生长的影响

Effects of Biochar+Compound Fertilizer Mixed Application on Physical and Chemical Properties of Tobacco Growing Soil and Growth of Tobacco

【目的】探明不同用量生物炭与复合肥混施对植烟土壤及烤烟生长的影响,为宣威植烟区烤烟生产提供参考。【方法】以农田生物秸秆为原料制成生物炭,设置4种不同生物炭施用量处理和常规施肥对照,于烤烟旺长期、现蕾期及打顶一周后测量农艺性状,并调查主要土传病害发病率,烟叶采收后对烟田土壤取样分析,对烤后烟叶进行质量评价。【结果】施炭量较高的T_(2)(施用量为900 kg/hm^(2))、T_(3)(施用量为1350 kg/hm^(2))、T_(4)(施用量为1800 kg/hm^(2))处理使土壤综合肥力分别较CK(常规施肥)提高14.29%、14.29%和28.57%。各处理土壤容重、比重、总孔隙度变化较小,但腐殖质、有机碳含量提高显著,T_(2)、T_(3)最高,分别提高27.80%、28.06%和27.73%、28.02%。真菌、细菌和放线菌的数量随施炭量的增加而增加,T_(4)处理微生物总量较CK提高54.93%。烤烟农艺性状变化较小,土传病害发病率整体随施炭量的增加而降低。高碳处理T_(3)、T_(4)烟叶化学成分协调性明显改善,综合品质分别提高7.62%、4.57%。【结论】生物炭与复合肥混施可协调土壤养分、提高腐殖质、有机碳含量,丰富微生物多样性,降低土传病害发病率,提升烟叶综合品质,生物炭建议施用量为1350~1800 kg/hm^(2),可结合当地实际灵活选择。

【Objective】The effects of mixed application of biochar+compound fertilizer with different fertilizer ratios on physical and chemical properties of tobacco growing soil and growth of tobacco are discussed to provide a reference for tobacco production in Xuanwei tobacco growing area.【Method】The biochar is made from crops’straw.The agronomic traits and main soil-borne disease morbidity of tobacco plants under 4 different biochar+compound fertilizer treatments are respectively measured at prosperously growing stage,flower budding stage and on 7d after topping by taking the conventional fertilization treatment as CK.The fertility,physical and chemical properties and microorganism quantity of tobacco growing soils from 5 treatments are analysed after tobacco harvest.The tobacco quality is evaluated.【Result】The soil comprehensive fertility of T_(2)(900 kg/hm^(2)),T_(3)(1350 kg/hm^(2))and T_(4)(1800 kg/hm^(2))is 14.29%,14.29%and 28.57%higher than CK respectively.There are no significant differences in soil bulk density,specific gravity and total porosity among four treatments but the humus and organic carbon content of soil increases significantly.The soil humus and organic carbon content of T_(2)and T_(3)is 27.80%and 28.06%,and 27.73%and 28.02%higher than CK respectively.The quantity of fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes in soil increases with increase of biochar amount.Total microorganism quantity in soil of T_(4)is 54.93%higher than CK.There are no significant differences in agronomic traits of tobacco plants at three different growth stages among five treatments.The soil-borne disease morbidity reduces with increase of biochar amount overall.The harmony of chemical components of T_(3)and T_(4)is improved obviously and the comprehensive quality of T_(3)and T_(4)is 7.62%and 4.57%higher than CK.【Conclusion】The biochar+compound fertilizer mixed application pattern can harmonize soil nutrients,increase soil humus and organic carbon content,enrich microbial diversity,reduce soil-borne disease morbidity and improve comprehensive quality of tobacco.The recommended application amount of biochar is 1350~1800 kg/hm^(2)and the actual application amount of biochar should be adjusted according to the local condition.