基于烟蚜茧蜂机械化释放的僵蚜球参数优化

Parameters Optimization of the Mummified Aphid Ball Based on Mechanization Release of Aphidius gifuensis

【目的】探明烟蚜茧蜂僵蚜球出蜂孔直径和孔数与烟蚜茧蜂羽化、成活等的关系,为烟蚜茧蜂僵蚜机械化、规模化释放提供理论参考。【方法】采用单因素试验研究僵蚜球出蜂孔直径大小、孔数等参数对僵蚜羽化率、死亡率及散落率的影响。【结果】僵蚜球出蜂孔直径对僵蚜的有效羽化率、死亡率和散落率有显著影响,僵蚜球直径为2.6 mm,出蜂孔直径为1.5 mm时,有效羽化率最高,为63.17%;随着孔数增加,有效羽化率逐渐增加,死亡率逐渐降低,而对散落率的影响不显著;孔数为15个和20个的处理有效羽化率最高,分别为67.33%和70.00%;死亡率最低,分别为5.04%和4.19%。【结论】僵蚜球直径为2.6 cm,僵蚜装填量为200头,僵蚜球出蜂孔直径为1.5 mm,出蜂孔孔数为15~20个时,僵蚜球烟蚜茧蜂羽化率可达67.33%~70.00%,适合田间投放。

【Objective】The effects of the mummified aphid ball with different pore diameter and pore number on emergence rate and survival rate of Aphidius gifuensis are studied to provide the theoretical basis for mechanization and large-scale release of A.gifuensis.【Method】The effects of the mummified aphid release ball with different pore diameter and pore number on emergence rate,mortality rate and scattering rate of A.gifuensis are studied by the single-factor tests.【Result】The pore diameter of the mummified aphid release ball has the significant effects on effective emergence rate,mortality rate and scattering rate of mummified aphids.The effective emergence rate of mummified aphids is the highest(63.17%)when the diameter of mumified aphid ball is 2.0 mm and the pore diameter is 1.5 mm.The effective emergence rate and mortality rate of mummified aphids gradually increases and decreases with pore number increase of the mummified aphid release ball respectively.The pore number of the mummified aphid release ball has no significant effect on scattering rate of mummified aphids.The effective emergence rate and mortality rate of mummified aphids released by the mummified aphid release ball with 15 and 20 pores are 67.33%and 70.00%,and 5.04%and 4.19%respectively.【Conclusion】The emergence rate of A.gifuensis released by the mummified aphid release ball with 2.6 cm ball diameter,loading 200 mummified aphids,1.5 mm pore diameter and 15~20 pores can reach 67.33%~70.00%.