1株野生高大环柄菇的鉴定、生物学特性及仿野生栽培

Identification,Biological Characteristics and Imitating Wild Cultivation of a Wild Macrolepiota procera Strain

【目的】为丰富山东省食用菌栽培品种,实现高大环柄菇的人工栽培提供参考依据。【方法】采用形态学和分子学相结合的方法对采自烟台的1株野生大环柄菇属真菌进行鉴定;采用单因素试验,以菌丝生长量为指标研究其生物学特性,并在此基础上进行仿野生栽培。【结果】经形态学和分子学鉴定,确定该真菌(编号EF-5)为大环柄菇属高大环柄菇,其子实体直径8.5 cm,上有同心圆状排列的棕褐色鳞片,子实体中央乳头状凸起,褐色;菌柄中生,长8.2 cm,直径0.8 cm,上有双层移动菌环;菌褶近白色,不等长,离生,孢子印白色;菌落不规则圆形,灰白色,菌丝多分枝,具锁状联合;其菌丝生长的最佳条件:氮源为土豆浸粉,碳源为糖蜜,温度为25℃,pH为8.0,无机盐为硫酸锰;此菌在麦粒二级种培养基上的生长时间为60 d,接种栽培料后66 d长满菌袋,经仿野生栽培成功获得了子实体。【结论】采集的野生大环柄菇属真菌为高大环柄菇;此菌二级种生长缓慢,栽培周期长,在实验室无法获得子实体,经仿野生栽培虽然获得子实体,但总产量较低。

【Objective】To enrich cultivation varieties of edible fungi and provide reference for realizing artificial cultivation of Macrolepiota procera in Shandong Province.【Method】A wild M.procera strain harvested from Yantai City is identified by morphology and molecular methods.The biological characteristics are determined by using a single-factor test and taking mycelial growth as the index.The imitation wild cultivation technique is studied.【Result】The wild fungus strain harvested from Yantai City is identified as M.procera by morphology and molecular methods.The diameter of the fruiting body is 8.5 cm and there are brown flakes arranged in concentric circles on the fruit body.The central nipple of the fruiting body is brown.The length and diameter of the stipe with double-layer mobile rings is 8.2 cm and 0.8 cm respectively.The gill is close to white,unequal length,free and white spore.The colony with an irregular circle is gray white and its mycelial has more branches with clamp connection.The optimal conditions for mycelium growth include potato extract powder(N source),molasses(C source),25℃,pH 8.0 and manganese sulfate(inorganic salt).The growth days of the strain cultured on the wheat grain medium for producing the second strain is 60.The cultivation compost bag inoculated with the second stains is filled with mycelial after 66 d and the fruiting bodies are successfully harvested by means of imitation wild cultivation.