成岛柳北与《花月新志》——日本近代文学的汉诗文脉络

Narushima Ryūhoku and Kagetsu Shinshi:the Context of Chinese Poetry and Prose in Japanese Modern Literature

成岛柳北在明治时期创办《花月新志》杂志提倡"风流",促进诗文繁荣。成岛认为,文明开化不能局限于物质文明,也需要发展诗文。这种文明开化两分法的观点早于坪内逍遥的《小说神髓》,是促进日本近代文学发展的重要理论基础之一。"风流"是成岛文学的根本特性,受汉诗文传统的影响,包含三个层面:对个体生命的体悟、对日常性的超越以及对媚俗和政治的抵抗。讽刺世俗只是其"风流"表征的一个侧面,因此文学史研究长期将成岛定位为"戏作作家"是片面的。

In order to advocate the concept of"Fūryū"and promote the prosperity of poetry and prose,Narushima Ryūhoku launched a magazine named Kagetsu Shinshi in the Meiji period.In his opinion,civilization and enlightenment should not be limited to material progress,and it is also necessary to achieve the development of poetry and prose.This dichotomy of civilization and enlightenment,predating Tsubouchi Shōyō’s Shōsetsu Shinzui,has become one of the most important theories which have promoted the development of Japanese modern literature.As the fundamental characteristic of Narushima’s literature,"Fūryū"is under the influence of Chinese poetry and prose,which contains three aspects:the understanding of individual life,the transcendence of daily life,and the resistance to kitsch and politics.Satirizing the secular world is only one of the features of"Fūryū".Therefore,it is incomprehensible why Narushima has long been positioned as a"Gesaku writer"in literary history research.