列宁无产阶级专政学说的早期引介——以1920年代山川均译介为中心

Yamakawa Hitoshi and Early Introduction of Lenin’s Theory of Proletarian Dictatorship in the 1920s

1920年罗素访华引发了社会主义论战,无产阶级专政成为讨论焦点之一。为了应对质疑,早期共产主义者急需无产阶级专政理论的系统阐释。日本马克思主义者山川均的论著充当了列宁理论的文献中介。列宁与考茨基在1918年前后的一系列论战观点,也成为社会主义论战双方争相引用的思想资源。山川均运用列宁的阶级属性视角,打破一般意义上民主与专政的区分,分析了专政的内外两方面,强调无产阶级专政的过渡阶段意义,突显合理性与必然性。同时,列宁的国家学说、先锋队理论等问题也纳入讨论。列宁在论战时期的理论都有明确的驳论对象与语境,但这些在东亚的译介里都发生了微妙的变化。通过不断的论战、译介与传播,中共早期的无产阶级专政理论丰富起来,开始了理论本土化的进程。

The present paper points out that,the works of Yamakawa Hitoshi,a Japanese revolutionary socialist,served as the textual agency of Lenin’s theories in China.Yamakawa,applying Lenin’s perspective of class nature to his works,broke the conventional distinction made between democracy and dictatorship,analyzed internal and external aspects of dictatorship,stressed the transitional significance of proletarian dictatorship,and underlined reasonableness and inevitability of proletarian dictatorship.These discussions contributed to the indigenization of Marxism-Leninism.