案外人对执行标的主张实体权利的程序救济

Procedural Remedy for Claiming Substantive Rights over Subject Matter of Civil Enforcement by the Person Which is not a Party

为保护案外人排除对执行标的强制执行的实体权利,民事诉讼法第227条第2句建立了以案外人申请再审与案外人异议之诉为内容的二元救济体系。二元救济体系将程序认定的正确性与实体权利的真实性绑定在一起,体现了民事程序法对实体法的依附,这既不符合民事诉讼的结构、民事诉讼法的基本原则和具体制度,又浪费司法资源、增加当事人诉累,还会造成司法保护漏洞。二元救济体系应回归比较法通行的一元救济体系:只要案外人对执行标的主张足以排除执行的实体权利,不论其是否认为原判决、裁定错误,亦不论案外人的请求是否与原判决、裁定有关,均由案外人异议之诉调整。在立法修改之前,司法可促成二元救济体系一元化。

To protect the substantive rights of a person which is not a party against compulsory enforcement,Article 227 of the Civil Procedure Law establishes a dual remedy system with application for a retrial and action against enforcement as its content.This system directly ties the correctness of procedure to the authenticity of substantive rights,and embodies the dependence of civil procedure law on substantive civil law,which is not only inconsistent with the structure of civil litigation and the principles and rules of the civil procedure law,but also wastes judicial resources,leads to unnecessary litigations,and creates flaws in judicial protection.The dual remedy system should be transformed back into a unitary remedy system,which is the common practice of comparative law.As long as the person which is not a party claims a substantive right to exclude the enforcement,he can bring an action against the enforcement,regardless of whether he believes the original judgment is wrong,or whether the enforcement object has already been chosen by the original judgment.Before the legislative amendment,courts can promote the transformation of the dual remedy system into a unitary remedy system.