民事裁判援引规章及行政规范性文件的审查义务

Duty to Review Regulations and Documents of Administrative Standard Invoked in a Civil Judgment

民事裁判中法官援引规章或行政规范性文件作为说理依据时,需对规章或行政规范性文件的合法有效进行审查。此种审查的实质,是法官在找法过程中以规范秩序统一性为标准,对规章或行政规范性文件之说理依据资格的判断。其与专门审查抽象行政行为合法性的司法审查在制度属性、审查目的、主动程度、处理方式等方面存在不同。民事裁判中对规章或行政规范性文件的审查,可以借鉴行政审判领域权威且成文的审查标准,但应在明确规章和行政规范性文件各自审查范围的基础上,适用不同的审查标准。对规章的审查宜以条文内容为限,对行政规范性文件的审查应从制定权限、条文内容、制定程序三方面进行。民事裁判文书对于审查结果的呈现,尤其是对规章或行政规范性文件合法与否的评价,应较行政裁判更为谦抑。

In a civil judgment,when the judge invokes regulations or documents of admisistrative standard as the reasoning basis,he must review the legitimacy and effectiveness of such documents. The essence of this kind of review is the judge’s determination of the qualification of the documents as the reasoning basis by taking the unity of normative order as the standard in the law-finding process. It differs from judicial review exclusively focused on the legitimacy of abstract administration acts in such aspects as institutional properties,purpose of review,degree of proactivity and processing mode. Authoritative written review standards in the field of administrative adjudication can be taken as the reference in civil adjudication. However,different review standards should be applied to the review of regulations or documents of administrative standard on the basis of clarifying their respective scopes. In particular,the review of regulations should be limited to specific articles,whereas the review of documents of administrative standard should be carried out in three aspects,namely the formulation authority,specific articles and the formulation procedure. The presentation of the review results in a civil judgment,especially the assessment of the legitimacy of regulations or documents of administrative standard,should be more modest and restrained than that in an administrative judgment.