基于决定关系的证据客观性:概念、功能与理论定位

Objectivity of Evidence Based on the Determination Relation:Concept,Function and Theory Positioning

证据客观说包含某些合理直觉,借助哲学工具提炼出这些直觉的最佳理论版本之后,证据客观性可被重述为案件事实与证据事实之间的决定关系。但绝对的、不谬的形而上决定关系不具有实践意义,需将其弱化为一种初显的决定关系。在初显决定关系的基础上形成的证据实践,能够为案件调查初期的事实调查活动提供指引。质言之,标记上客观性的案件材料被用来搭建和形成案件事实状态的参考框架,即案件待证事实,从而为所有相关证据的筛选、组织和评估提供指引。根据基于初显决定关系的证据客观性理论,客观性不是独立的证据属性,而是关联性判断的一个内置标准。但客观性作为关联性的子标准,含有传统关联性概念所不具备的独特意义,即客观性实践的功能不仅是使待证事实更可能或更不可能,而是也包括构造待证事实本身。

The objectivity thesis of evidence contains some plausible intuitions.By relying on some philosophical methods developed in recent years,one can formulate a strong version of that thesis and restate the objectivity of evidence as a determination relation between facts of cases and facts of evidence.However,an absolute and infallible metaphysical determination relation is far from being practical,which means that it should be weakened into a prima facie determination relation.The practice shaped by prima facie determination can provide guidance to the fact investigation,especially in the early stage of investigation,that is,the objective materials are used to form a suggestive structure of facts,which is called factum probandum,that guides the election,formulation and evaluation of all relevant evidences.According to the objectivity thesis,which is based on the prima facie determination relation,objectivity is not an independent property,but a built-in standard of relevance.However,it has a unique meaning,that is,the function of objectivity is not only to make the factum probandum more plausible or less plausible,but also to build the factum probandum itself.