中尼印次区域公共产品供给:动因、模式与有效性

China-Nepal-India Subregional Public Goods Provision:Motives,Modalities and Effectiveness

在国际公共产品供应严重不足的背景下,地缘上接近的次区域国家因为共同需求和共同利益的驱使,联合起来提供"次区域性公共产品"。在中尼印次区域内,中印两个大国的实力和能力、三国的合作和发展意愿及地缘联系和经济相互依存的历史传统成为次区域公共产品供给的基本动因。但是,地缘政治权力结构作用之下的中尼印三边互动制约了次区域公共产品的有效供给。一直以来,中尼印次区域存在中印两种相互竞争的公共产品供给模式,在促进中尼印次区域发展诉求的过程中作为有限。"一带一路"倡议之下的中尼印经济走廊具有强经济性和弱地缘竞争性的特点,有利于化解中尼印三边互动的地缘复杂性。在这个过程中,中国需要成为中尼印次区域合作中区域性公共产品提供的积极推动者,分享次区域公共产品供给主导权,推动次区域内各国发展战略的对接与辐合,重构次区域公共产品的供给体系。

Against a backdrop of a major gap in the provision of international public goods,states with close geographic proximity see incentives to meet shared needs and obtain shared benefits by joining forces and providing"subregional public goods".Within the China-Nepal-India subregion,the main drivers of subregional public goods provision include:the power and capacity of China and India as major powers;the willingness of the three states to cooperate and develop;and a shared historical tradition of geographic linkages and economic dependence between the three countries.While so,the impacts of geopolitical power structures on interactions between China,Nepal and India place a limit on their ability to effectively provide subregional public goods.The China-Nepal-India subregion has long experienced a competitive modality of subregional public goods provision as a result of the relationship between China and India.This has largely limited demand for subregional development between the three countries.The"China-Nepal-India Economic Corridor"under the Belt and Road Initiative has strong economic characteristics and weak geocompetitive characteristics,and as such is helpful for moderating the geopolitical complexities between the three countries.As part of this process,China needs to become a proactive promoter of subregional public goods between the three countries,while also sharing leadership authority over subregional public goods initiatives.Promoting connectivity and complementary between the development strategies of the three respective countries in the subregion can help transform the framework for subregional public goods provision.