环境与儿童健康研究的设计:现状与发展

Designs of studies on environment and children’s health: Current status and development

儿童健康是全民健康和素质的基础,对儿童的终身发展至关重要。生命早期经历不良环境因素,往往会对儿童健康产生深远影响。本文从不同研究设计角度出发,介绍了环境与儿童健康相关研究的现状,探讨了不同研究设计存在的不足,包括:因果方向的不确定性,研究的论证力度不足,大样本、前瞻性、多中心、代表性出生队列研究的缺乏。因此,需要加强出生队列建设,为环境与儿童健康相关公共卫生政策的制定提供高质量证据。

Children’s health is the foundation of the health and well-being of the entire population, and it is vital to the life-long development of children. Exposure to adverse environmental factors in early life has a lifelong impact on children’s health. From the perspective of different research designs, this review introduced the current status of research related to environment and children’s health and pointed out the short comings of the applied designs, including uncertain causality, insufficient strength of evidence, and lack of large-sample, prospective, multi-center, and representative birth cohort studies. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the establishment of birth cohorts to provide high-quality evidence for the formulation of public health policies related to environment and children’s health.