南非的对外援助:身份定位与战略选择

South Africa’s Foreign Aid:Identity and Strategic Choice

南非是非洲的地区大国,是当代非洲复兴和一体化进程的重要倡导者和推动者。同时,南非也是一个中等强国和新兴国家,在南南合作和南北对话中拥有一定的影响力和话语权。三重身份定位共同塑造和影响着南非对外援助的目标和战略选择,也在很大程度上决定着南非对外援助的个性与特色。非国大政府确立了对外援助的五项目标,即引领地区一体化、推进非洲的民主与良治、促进非洲经济社会发展、塑造地区和平与安全,以及推动全球层面的南南合作。南非逐渐形成多部门参与,双边与多边并举的对外援助体系。在对外援助实践中,南非坚持非洲中心主义,践行自身特色的援助规范,同时不断增加同其他新兴国家的国际发展合作。然而,南非还面临国家实力弱化、非洲认同退化以及地区领导权竞争激烈等挑战,对外援助的能力和效果由此受到显著制约。如何解决理想与现实的巨大落差,是南非对外援助必须解决的重要问题。

South Africa is a regional power in Africa and an important advocate and promoter on the process of contemporary African renaissance and integration.At the same time,South Africa is also a middle power and emerging country,with a certain influence and discourse power in South-South cooperation and North-South dialogue.The triple identity jointly shapes and influences the goals and strategic choices of South Africa’s foreign aid,and to a large extent determines the personality and characteristics of its foreign aid.The ANC-led government has established five strategic goals,namely,to lead regional integration,to advance African democracy and good governance,to promote African economic and social development,to shape regional peace and security,and to enhance global South-South cooperation.In its foreign aid practice,South Africa adheres to Afrocentrism,implementing the aid norms with its own characteristics,and at the same time continuously increases international development cooperation with other emerging countries.However,South Africa is also facing challenges,such as weakening of national power,degradation of African identity,and intensified competition for regional leadership.As a result,the capacity and performance of foreign aid are significantly restricted.How to resolve the huge gap between ideals and reality is an important issue that must be resolved in South Africa’s foreign aid.