基于黄元御气机升降理论的当归应用探析

Discussion on Application of Radix Angelicae Sinensis Based on HUANG Yuanyu’s Theory of Ascending and Descending Movement of Qi

黄元御从《周易》《黄帝内经》《难经》《伤寒论》《金匮要略》中总结并创立出独具特色的中气升降理论,认为人体中气、阴阳、五行、六气皆由中气轮转变化而来,并皆处在以中气为枢纽的轮转升降系统之中。此系统的正常轮转便构成了人体的生理,轮转失常便出现了病理变化。通过黄元御对六气的认识可知人体百病皆不离六气,以六气外联人体病理表现,内系人体气机变化。基于此医理,黄元御又创出其药性理论以调整人体的异常气化来治疗疾病,同时黄元御还强调六气之风木为五脏之贼、百病之长,并在《长沙药解》中将当归列于木药之首,就此,基于黄元御中气升降理论探讨当归在临床中之应用,认为当归不仅可治木气本病,亦可治木气引动其他四行之病,尽皆体现于温经汤、赤小豆当归散、当归散、当归贝母苦参丸、当归四逆汤等诸方中。

HUANG Yuanyu summed up and established the unique theory of ascending and descending movement of middle qi from Zhouyi,Huangdi Neijing,Nanjing,Shanghan Lun,and Jingui yaolve.He holds that qi,yin and yang,five phases,and six climatic factors in the human body are all derived from the rotation of middle qi,and they are all in the ascending-descending rotation system with middle qi as the pivot.The normal operation of this system forms the physiology of the human body,and the abnormal operation leads to pathological changes.According to the understanding of six climatic factors of HUANG Yuanyu,it can be concluded that diseases of the human body are all related to six climatic factors which are not only associated with the pathological manifestations externally but also the changes of qi movement of the human body internally.Based on this medical theory,HUANG created the theory of nature of medicinals to adjust the abnormal qi transformation of the human body for treatments of diseases.HUANG also stressed that the wind and wood of six climatic factors are the pathogenic factors to the five viscera and the primary pathogen of all diseases.In addition,HUANG listed Radix Angelicae Sinensis as the top of Chinese medicine pertaining to wood in Changsha Yaojie.Therefore,the clinical application of Radix Angelicae Sinensis was discussed based on HUANG Yuanyu’s theory of ascending and descending movement of middle qi;it is believed that Radix Angelicae Sinensis can not only treat diseases of wood qi,but also diseases of other four phases caused by wood qi,and this idea is well-embodied in Wenjing tang,Chixiaodou Danggui tang,Danggui powder,Danggui Beimu Kushen pills,Danggui Sini tang,and other prescriptions.