中国共产党的战略选择与八路军三五九旅南征问题研究

The CPC’s Strategic Decision and the South Expedition of the No. 359 Brigade of the Eighth Route Army

1944年4月,日军发动"一号作战"后,中共中央确立向南发展的战略,意图是在湘粤边建立敌后抗日根据地,打通华北、华中和华南的战略通道,并决定由八路军一二〇师三五九旅主力南下执行这一战略。三五九旅南征任务第一步是护送干部到鄂豫边的新四军第五师,第二步是建立湘粤边根据地。三五九旅到达湘粤边地区时,日本宣布投降,失去了建立敌后抗日根据地的条件。中共中央为增加与国民党在重庆谈判的筹码,做出让出广东至河南的决定。该事件折射出抗战胜利前后,中共中央根据国内外形势的变化适时调整战略,在向南发展的条件失去后,立即做出向东北发展的战略决策,并取得成功。

After the Japanese launched the Operation Ichi-go in April 1944,the CPC Central Committee adopted the South Strategy,aiming to establish an Anti-Japanese Base in the border area between Hunan and Guangdong.If successful,it would link the CPC’s base areas in northern,central and southern China together.To set this strategy in motion,the CPC Central Committee ordered the No.359 Brigade of the No.120 Division to go on an expedition to the south.The task of the No.359 Brigade was two-pronged:first,it was expected to escort CPC cadres to the No.5 Division of the New Fourth Army at the border area between Hubei and Henan;and second,it was tasked to establish a base area along the borders between Hunan and Guangdong.When the No.359 Brigade finally arrived at the border area between Hunan and Guangdong,however,the Japanese had announced its surrender.So the task to establish an anti-Japanese base area there became out of the question.To pressurize the KMT to carry on with the peace negotiation in Chongqing,the CPC Central Committee decided to voluntarily withdraw its troops from Guangdong,Henan and all the other provinces in between.This was a testament to the flexible strategic decisions of the CPC Central Committee around the time of the victory of the Resistance War,who timely adjusted its strategy according to changes of domestic and international situations.When the South Strategy became unfeasible,it shifted its strategic focus to China’s Northeast,a move that turned out to be a success.