“精准识别”的悖论及其意外后果——人脸情绪识别技术应用于大学课堂的冷思考

The Paradox of Accurate Recognition and its Unanticipated Consequences:Rational Reflection on the Application of Facial Emotion Recognition Technology in the University Classroom

随着深度学习等人工智能技术的快速发展,当前应用于教育场景的人脸识别技术不仅能“识面知人”,还能“识面知心”——通过识别学习者外显的面部表情,探测内隐的情绪状态,从而直观呈现学习者的课堂参与和学习投入程度。这一新兴技术已有应用于大学课堂的趋势,但其科学基础尚存在争议,面部表情与内在情绪有着复杂而非一一对应的关联。与“精准识别”相伴的是一个难以摆脱的技术悖论。情绪识别越是精准,越容易将课堂文化引向控制和规训,看似开启了“美丽新世界”,实则打开了充满风险和不确定性的“潘多拉魔盒”。在大学课堂应用人脸情绪识别技术,对学生的内心情绪进行制度化的窥探和导引,学生将被迫进行智识活动之外的情感劳动,还可能导致师生之间情感互动的异化。亟须深入大学课堂进行实地研究,重视人脸情绪识别技术与人的互动,尤其是技术力量对课堂文化的重塑以及师生身心体验的渗透,从而更深入地揭示这一技术应用于课堂所带来的复杂影响,为这一技术划定边界和底线。

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technologies such as deep learning,the current face recognition technology applied to educational scenes can not only“know people by face”,but also“know heart by face”-by identifying learners’explicit facial expressions and detecting implicit emotional states,so as to intuitively show learners’classroom participation and learning investment.This emerging technology has been applied to the university classroom,but its scientific basis is still controversial.There is a complex rather than one-to-one relationship between facial expression and internal emotion.Accompanied by“accurate identification”,it is a difficult technical paradox to get rid of.The more accurate the emotion recognition is,the easier it is to lead the classroom culture to control and discipline.It seems to open a“beautiful new world”,but it actually opens a“Pandora’s box”full of risks and uncertainties.The application of face emotion recognition technology in college classroom will institutionally spy on and guide students’inner emotions.Students will be forced to carry out emotional labor outside intellectual activities,which may also lead to the alienation of emotional interaction between teachers and students.There is an urgent need to go deep into the university classroom for field research,pay attention to the interaction between face emotion recognition technology and people,especially the reconstruction of classroom culture and the penetration of physical and mental experience of teachers and students,so as to further reveal the complex impact of the application of the technology in the classroom and delimit the boundary and bottom line for the technology.