扬州寺庙庭院树木多样性分析

Analysis on the Tree Diversity of Temple Courtyard in Yangzhou

寺庙植物是宗教抽象生态智慧的承载体,它在生物多样性保护中具有重要的潜在价值。为了更好地了解扬州地区寺庙庭院的生态系统服务和保护价值,选取了本区域具有代表性的7座寺庙作为研究对象。运用植物群落学的方法,对寺庙庭院内的物种组成、重要值、多样性及物种相似性进行了分析。结果表明:①7个寺庙共有木本植物56种,隶属34科50属,常绿乔木占主导地位。银杏、桂花、樟、石楠树种在数量上占优。②在重要值方面,以银杏、桂花、圆柏、樟等物种较为突出,但各寺庙重要值的分布情况不尽相同。③各寺庙间的物种相似性指数普遍较低,值在0.08~0.44之间。④扬州地区寺庙庭院植物多样性的Simpson、Margalef、Pielou和Shannon-Wiener平均值分别为0.88,4.02,0.91和2.42。因此,维持现有的树木多样性,优化树种组成结构及加大古树的保护对扬州市寺庙庭院群落的发展意义重大。

Temple plants are the bearers of religious abstract ecological wisdom,and they have an important potential value in biodiversity conservation. In order to understand better the ecosystem services and conservation values of temple courtyards in Yangzhou,seven representative temples were selected for the study in the region. The species composition,importance values,diversity and similarity among the temple courtyards were analyzed using the approach of Phytophthology. Results indicated:(1) 56 species of woody plants belonging to 34 families and 50 genera were recorded in the seven temples,and the evergreen trees were more prominent. Several species such as Ginkgo biloba,Osmanthus fragran,Cinnamomum camphora and Photinia serrulata are dominated in number.(2) In terms of importance value,a few species such as G. biloba,O. fragran,Juniperus chinensis and C. camphora were more prominent,but the distribution pattern of importance values varied among temples.(3)The species similarity index among various temples was generally low,with a value between 0.08 and 0.44,which reflected the different emphasis on the selection of tree species in each temple.(4) The average values of Simpson,Margalef,Pielou and Shannon-Wiener for plant diversity in temple courtyards in Yangzhou were 0.88,4.02,0.91 and 2.42,respectively. Therefore,maintaining the existing tree diversity,optimizing the composition of tree species,and increasing the conservation of old trees were what needed to be paid attention to in the temple courtyard community in Yangzhou.