电动汽车低速提示音相关标准法规对比研究

The Comparison Research of Related Electric Vehicles Low Speed Alerting Sound Standard and Regulation

电动汽车以纯电动模式行驶时在低速工况下车外噪声较小,不易被其他道路使用者察觉,存在交通安全隐患。相关国内外标准法规针对电动汽车低速提示音制定规范,提升电动汽车的使用安全性。通过对世界范围内汽车低速提示音标准及法规对比分析,发现联合国汽车法规由欧洲经济委员会(UNECE)发布的R 138、欧洲联盟(EU)发布的EU 540、美国发布的FMVSS 141以及中国2018年发布的GB/T 37153-2018是世界范围内具有代表性的低速提示音标准或法规。从汽车提示音系统(AVAS)功能、提示音系统响应范围、提示音声音要求、试验要求、数据处理等方面对代表性标准法规研究对比,发现我国GB/T 37153-2018与R138在主要技术点方面保持协调,EU 540逐渐向R 138靠拢,FMVSS 141个性化较强。对比结果为电动汽车提示音试验及相应技术开发提供参考,为相关汽车产品适应不同市场提供了方向,为进一步完善我国标准、密切跟踪国际标准法规动态提供了更全面的视野,进一步明确我国相关标准的制修订意义。

The noise emitted by motor vehicles at low speeds is low under pure electric mode of electric vehicles, and it is not easy to be detected by other road users, so there are hidden traffic safety hazards. And Relevant domestic and foreign standards and regulations establish specifications for alerting sound of electric vehicles at low speed to improve the safety of electric vehicles. Through a comparative analysis of low speed alerting sound standards and regulations for motor vehicles worldwide, it is found that R 138 issued by United Nations Economic Commission for Europe(UNECE), EU 540 issued by European Union(EU), FMVSS 141 from United States and GB/T37153-2018 issued by China are presentative low speed sound standards or regulations worldwide. From the aspects of AVAS function, the response range of t AVAS, the alerting sound requirements,test requirements, data processing, etc., the research and comparison of representative standards and regulations have found that there have coordination between GB/T 37153-2018 and R 138 in the main technology, EU 540 is gradually moving closer to R 138, and FMVSS 141 is highly personalized. The results provides a reference for the electric vehicle test and corresponding technology development, provides a more comprehensive vision for further improving my country’s standards, closely tracking the development of international standards and regulations, and further clarifies the significance of the formulation and revision of Chinese relevant standards.