某市尘肺患者接尘工龄特征及其影响因素调查

Investigation of epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors on dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases in a city

目的了解烟台市尘肺患者接尘工龄特征及其影响因素。方法于2020年1月,采取整群抽样方法,选择烟台市2009至2019年3307例新发尘肺患者作为调查对象,对其接尘工龄进行描述性分析,趋势分析采用趋势χ2检验,单因素分析采用χ^(2)检验,多因素分析采用多分类logistic回归分析。结果接尘工龄呈逐年缩短趋势(P<0.05)。患者的开始接尘年龄逐年增加,且与接尘工龄呈负相关(r=-0.217,P<0.05)。接尘年代、开始接尘年龄、行业、经济类型以及企业规模为尘肺患者接尘工龄的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论应加强金属冶炼压延加工业、私营、小微企业的尘肺病防治工作,将开始接尘年龄≥28岁的劳动者列为重点关注人群。

Objective To investigate epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors on dust-exposed working years of pneumoconiosis cases in Yantai.Methods In January 2020,By Cluster sampling way,Using descriptive statistics to analyze dust-exposed working years of the reported 3307 new cases of pneumoconiosis from 2009 to 2019 in Yantai.Analyzing the variation trends by the chi-square trend test.Analyzing single fator by chi-square test.Using multiple classification Logistic Regression analysis to analyze multiple influencing factors.Results The dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases decreased by years(P<0.05).The starting age of dust exposure of cases increased year by year,while positively correlated with the dust-exposed working age(r=-0.217,P<0.05).The years of dust exposure,starting age of dust exposure,industry,type of economy and scale of enterprise were main influence factors on the dust-exposed working age of pneumoconiosis cases.Conclusion We should strengthen the management on prevention and control condition of pneumoconiosis in metal smelting and processing industry and privately-owned,small and micro enterprises,and pay attention to workers starting exposed to dust in the age of≥28 years old.