基于隐喻认知的天癸本质探究

Exploration on essence of Tiangui based on metaphorical cognition

"天癸"一词首见《素问·上古天真论》,缘于该篇中天癸无明确所指,导致了后世天癸理论的芜杂。天癸本质的含混不清,势必影响到天癸之相关理论,进而波及以天癸为核心的其他学说。通过查阅古今对于天癸的论述,可见医家注解大致分为"有形"与"无形"两类。依据文献分析,笔者认为《针灸甲乙经》将"天癸"视作"天水"或更接近《素问》本义。有鉴于此,文章基于隐喻认知的立场,分析论证天癸为"天水"的可能性。《针灸甲乙经》是以自然之水来隐喻人体之"天水",依据是二者有相似的功能与节律,有充盛和衰竭的动态过程,分别是万物与人体的本源。天癸称为"天水",与《周易》"天一生水"不无关系。天癸当是一种基于隐喻认知,取象于自然之水,先天而成,具有生殖功能的抽象物质。

Tiangui was first found in Suwen·Shanggu Tianzhen Lun. Because of no clear reference to Tiangui in this article, the theory of Tiangui of later generations is in a mess. If the essence of Tiangui is not clear, the related theory of Tiangui will be affected, and then influence other theory. Through accessing to ancient and modern research on the Tiangui, we found that doctors roughly divided it into two categories: ‘visible’ and ‘invisible’. According to the analysis of the related literature,we believe that Tianshui which is found in Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing is more similar to the original meaning of Tiangui in Suwen. For this reason, this paper analyzes and proves the possibility of Tiangui can be Tianshui based on the metaphorical cognition.Zhenjiu Jiayi Jing regards water in nature as a metaphor to Tianshui in the human body. It is based on the fact that they have similar functions and rhythms, dynamic processes of fullness and exhaustion, which are the origin of everything and human body respectively. Tiangui is called Tianshui, which is closely related to ‘Tian-yi-sheng-shui’ in Zhouyi. Tiangui is a kind of abstract material with reproductive function, which takes the image from the water of nature based on metaphorical cognition.