欧盟碳市场的运营绩效及对中国的启示

Operational Performance of EU Carbon Market and its Enlightenment to China

欧盟碳市场是全球筹备和建立最早、规模最大与交易最为活跃的碳交易场所。成立运行的16年中,不仅让欧盟的碳排放量显著减少,而且有效优化了欧洲国家的能源结构,同时带来了域内经济结构的升级以及碳排放与经济增长负向运动的良好格局。究其原因,在于欧洲碳市场建立起了渐次化的制度体系,充分发挥了价格机制的引导作用,搭建起了完善的市场交易平台,培育出了多样化的碳金融产品且吸引到了多元化的投资参与主体。中国碳排放权交易已经在今年7月中旬正式启动,从借鉴欧盟碳市场的发展经验出发,一是碳市场的发展和完善应是一个循序渐进的过程,避免“一刀切”式地认购;二是碳价格应是碳市场最重要的风向标,同时政府的政策调控也必不可少;三是碳交易活跃度是检验碳市场成熟的标尺,多元的投资参与主体以及多样化的产品供给更是碳市场不可或缺的核心因素;四是要不断完善碳市场的基础设施建设,形成多层次交易平台,为多元主体参与碳市场交易提供便利的场所。

The EU carbon market is the earliest,largest and most active carbon trading venue in the world to prepare and establish.During the 16 years of its establishment and operation,the EU has not only significantly reduced carbon emissions,but also effectively optimized the energy structure of European countries.At the same time,it has brought about an upgrade of the regional economic structure and a good pattern of negative movement of carbon emissions and economic growth.The reason is that the European carbon market has established a gradual institutional system,gave full play to the guiding role of the price mechanism,built a complete market trading platform,cultivated a diversified carbon financial product and attracted diversified carbon financial products.Investment participants.China’s carbon emissions trading has been officially launched in mid-July this year.Starting from the development experience of the EU’s carbon market,first,the development and improvement of the carbon market should be a gradual process,avoiding“one size fits all”subscription;second,carbon Price should be the most important indicator of the carbon market,and government policy regulation is also indispensable;third,the activity of carbon trading is a yardstick for testing the maturity of the carbon market,and diversified investment participants and diversified product supply are even more imperative.Indispensable core factors;the fourth is to continuously improve the infrastructure construction of the carbon market,form a multi-level trading platform,and provide a convenient place for diversified entities to participate in carbon market transactions.