石油污染盐碱土壤微生物修复的研究进展

Research Progress of Microbial Remediation of Petroleum-contaminated Saline-alkali Soil

随着石油工业的发展,石油泄漏事故频发,污染日益严重,使得石油污染成为一个迫切需要解决的世界性问题。与传统的物理、化学修复方法相比,微生物修复由于其经济性和环保性,已经成为修复土壤石油污染的主要方法之一。而在石油污染盐碱土壤中盐碱化改变了土壤的理化性质、抑制了土壤微生物的生长和代谢,已经成为微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的主要难点。因此,石油污染盐碱土壤微生物修复须利用具有耐盐碱能力的石油烃降解菌。综述了石油污染盐碱土壤的现状和危害,耐盐碱石油烃降解菌的筛选,微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的难点、方法及研究进展,并对微生物修复石油污染盐碱土壤的未来研究方向和应用前景进行了展望。

With the development of oil industry, oil leakage accidents happen frequently and pollution becomes more and more serious, which makes oil pollution become an urgent worldwide problem to be solved. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical remediation methods, microbial remediation has become one of the main methods for remediation of soil oil pollution due to its economy and environmental protection. However, salinization in oil-polluted saline-alkali soil changes the physical and chemical properties of soil and inhibits the growth and metabolism of soil microorganisms, which has become the main difficulty for microbial remediation of oil-polluted saline-alkali soil. Therefore, the microbial remediation of petroleum contaminated saline-alkali soil requires the use of saline-alkali resistant petroleum hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. In this paper, the present situation and harm of saline-alkali soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon were summarized. The difficulties, methods and research progress of microbial remediation of saline-alkali soil contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbon were discussed. The future research direction and application prospect of microbial remediation were put forward.