苏联小说《第四十一》的叙述修辞

The Narratological Rhetoric in Soviet Novel The Forty-First

重释苏联小说经典《第四十一》,分析女主角与男主角从各自所属共同体"红军/白军"的身份区隔向被动重建的临时共同体"咱们"位移。漂泊孤岛的两个脆弱个体共同构建的"咱们"、以及伴随"咱们"角色关系变化的爱情发生、爱情速冻、爱情解冻和爱情之殇,修辞化地包装并延缓了注定的死亡,反预期的叙述交织着"敌人→人→恋人→敌人(恋人)"的身份转换与纠结以及爱情生态的变化,从不同层面展示人的精神自主和身体自主的可能性及其限度:人面向"是如何""能如何"的选项,未必完全符合"应如何"的逻辑。"存在"的真相不是"恒在",而是"变在";当复杂变化的身份主体、不该发生的爱情与被动位移的共同体产生冲突时,身份主体的自我意识被重塑但不稳定,作家的修辞处理力求不稳定中的稳定。

This paper reinterprets the former Soviet Union novel The Forty-First from the perspective of the male and female protagonists’identity change from segmentation of Red Army and White Army to the construction and splitting of a provisional"we"community.The two protagonists cast on an isolated island jointly set up a"we"community,resulting in their identity change with the beginning and development of a love affair to its death after the collapse of their alliance,thus rhetorically decorates and prolongs the fated death.The counter-expectation narrative of the novel characterized with identity change of"enemy→individual→lover→enemy(lover)"and their entangled relationship and situation,represents from different perspectives,the possibility and the limits of individual freedom both mental and physical.It further reveals the philosophical nature of being as"being under constant change"rather than"being under lasting certainty",the dilemma of human choice when faced with"what it factually is"and"what it can possibly be".When the failing love of the changing subject identity is in conflict with the passively constructed community,the self-consciousness of the protagonists is reshaped but without constancy,thus the novelist seeks rhetorical stability when faced with such an inconstant situation.