从浙江都督到交通总长:辛亥革命期间卷入权力争夺漩涡中之汤寿潜

From Commander-in-chief of Zhejiang to Cabinet Minister of Department of Transportation:Tang Shouqian in the Power Struggle During Revolution of 1911

1911年10月至1912年1月下旬,汤寿潜以东南名望先后出任浙江都督、临时政府交通总长,不可避免地被卷入辛亥革命发生过程中权力争夺的漩涡。由于他与同盟会、光复会、浙江咨议局和杭州旗营具有良好的关系,在光复会上中级会议成员之间特别是朱瑞、周承菼之间制衡之下,汤寿潜成为浙江都督的不二人选。不过,他出任浙江都督只是过渡,革命党人成立浙江省临时参议会对其牵制,浙江军政府政事部、财政部、水陆军司令部各自为政,他无支配权力而只能辞职。他积极参加东南开府的活动。虽然他是公认的临时政府交通总长人选,但是其入府只是增加了临时政府的威望而已,他并未积极参加临时政府的工作。随着他离开南京到上海,差不多跳出了权力争夺的漩涡。汤寿潜从浙江都督到交通总长,折射出一名立宪党人在辛亥革命时期与同盟会、光复会等各方面人士在地方政府和中央政府权力安排上的复杂历史。

From October 1911 to January 1912,Tang Shouqian,as a celebrity in the south-east of China,first took the post of Commander-in-chief,then Cabinet Minister of the Department of Transportation,and so he had to be involved in the political power struggle which took place in the Revolution of 1911.Since he had good relations with the United League,the Restoration Society,the Advisory Council of Zhejiang and Qing troops stationing in Hangzhou on one hand,and there was a check and balance among the senior-middle senior-and middle-ranking members of the Restoration Society,especially between Zhu Rui and Zhou Chengyan on the other,he was the perfect candidate for the Commander-in-chief.However,he was only a commander-in-chief in transition.He was confined by Zhejiang Transitional Consultative Council which was established by the revolutionists.He had no power and had no choice but sent in his resignation,because Zhejiang Military Government Executive Department,Financial Department and Naval&Army Command each did things on its own ways.He took an active part in setting up Nanking Provisional Government.He was generally recognizedas a candidate for a cabinet minister,but his joining in Nanking Provisional Government only to increase its prestige,and he didn’t take an active part in its work.When leaving Nanking for Shanghai,he was away from the power struggle.Generally speaking,Tang Shouqian’s experience of being the Commander-in-chief and later the Cabinet Minister of the Department of Transportation refracted the complicated history in the seating arrangement of a Constitutionalist and other personages in the United League,the Restoration Society in local and central governments during the Revolution of 1911.