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再论宋代禅宗的宗派观念

From Lineage-worship to Patriarch-worship:A Re-discussion on the Sectarianism in the Chan School of the Song Dynasty
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摘要 宋代灯录中多见一类以"师唱谁家曲"来询问禅僧师承的问答,这种问话形式在10、11世纪丛林中的流行,表明禅僧由在整体法脉中的相对位置定位自己,变为在与开宗祖师的嗣法关系中定位自己。这一转变的本质是禅僧身份合法性来源的变化,即中国的宗派祖师代替遥远的天竺祖师成为其新的身份合法性依据,亦即从"法脉崇拜"变为"祖师崇拜"。因此,宋代禅宗宗派观念的出现和发展,正是禅宗的身份意识摆脱印度传统、形成中国传统的过程,推动了印度禅向中国禅的转变。 A particular kind of dialogue started by the question"whose song does the master sing"as often seen in the Denglus(Records of Lamps)in the Song dynasty.This kind of question-and-answer pattern,aimed to verify a Chan master’s rightful succession in the Chan lineage,was popular among the 10 th and 11 th Chan monasteries,indicating that the Chan monks began to position themselves in the relationship with the founder of a certain sect instead of in the whole dharma lineage.This phenomenon revealed the change of the source of the identity legitimacy of Chan monks:the patriarchs of Chinese sects had replaced the distant Indian patriarchs as the new source of identity legitimacy,in other words,the lineage-worship had shifted to patriarch-worship.Therefore,the emergence and development of the sectarianism of Chan in the Song dynasty is the process of the identity consciousness of Chan getting rid of the Indian tradition and forming the Chinese tradition,thus,promoting the transfor onation from Indian Chan to Chinese Chan.
作者 李曈 Li Tong(School of Humanities,Shenzhen Lniversity,Shenzhen Guangdong,508061)
出处 《山东师范大学学报(社会科学版)》 CSSCI 北大核心 2021年第5期137-146,共10页 Journal of Shandong Normal University(Social Sciences)
基金 广东省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“北宋士大夫灯史撰作研究”(GD20YZX01)的阶段性成果。
关键词 灯录 “师唱谁家曲” 法脉崇拜 祖师崇拜 宋代禅宗 Denglus(Records of Lamps) "whose song does the master sing" lineage-worship patriarch-worship Chan Buddhism in the Song dynasty
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