学龄前儿童营养状况及影响因素分析

Analysis of nutritional status and influencing factors of preschool children

目的了解学龄前儿童营养状况及影响因素,为儿童生长发育保健提供依据。方法采用便利抽样法抽取新疆维吾尔自治区石河子市5所幼儿园300名3~7岁儿童,采用问卷调查的方法调查其营养状况、饮食行为特征等。共发放问卷300份,回收274份,回收率为91.33%。结果调查对象中消瘦13人,正常188人,超重27人,肥胖46人。有序logistic回归分析结果显示,孩子每天睡眠时间≥10h(OR=0.519)、饱食反应(OR=0.800)、慢食反应(OR=0.772)是学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的保护因素;母亲肥胖(OR=2.929)是学龄前儿童超重和肥胖的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童肥胖和超重的检出率处于较高水平。睡眠时间≥10h、饱食反应和慢食反应有利于减少超重和肥胖的发生,应加强对肥胖和超重学龄前儿童的生活和饮食管理,降低肥胖和超重的发生率。

Objective To understand the nutritional status of preschool children and the influencing factors,and to provide evidence for their growth and health care.Methods 300 children aged 3~7 from 5 kindergartens in Shihezi,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were sampled by convenience sampling method.A total of 300 questionnaires were sent out and 274 were recovered with a recovery rate of 91.33%.Results There were 13 thin,188 normal,27 overweight and 46 obese persons.Logistic regression analysis showed that sleep time≥10 h(OR=0.519),satiation response(OR=0.800),slow eating response(OR=0.772)were protective factors for overweight and obesity of preschool children.Maternal obesity(OR=2.929)was a risk factor for overweight and obesity of preschoolers(P<0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of obesity and overweight in preschool children is at a high level.Sleep time≥10 h,satiety response and slow eating are beneficial to reduce the incidence of overweight and obesity.So the life and diet management of obese and overweight preschoolers should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of obesity and overweight.