中国学术中心的转移:历史与逻辑

The Transfer of Academic Centers in China: History and Logic

任何一个国家的高水平大学的分布都是不均衡的,学术资源向特定区域集聚便形成了学术中心。从学术中心转移的逻辑来看,百年中国高等教育区域布局演变可以划分为三个阶段:晚清及民国时期为第一个阶段,初步奠定了中国学术中心分布的基本格局。建国17年和“文化大革命”时期为第二个阶段,中央政府通过强有力的计划干预实现高校地区分布的相对均衡。改革开放新时期为第三个阶段,在市场逻辑的驱动下,高等教育资源向京津冀、长三角、粤港澳三大都市圈集聚。中国学术中心转移是在政治因素、经济因素和文化因素的综合作用下实现的。“有为政府、有效市场、有根大学”是中国学术中心转移的基本逻辑。

The distribution of high-level universities in any country is uneven. When academic resources gather in specific regions, academic centers are accordingly formed. From the logic of academic center transfer, the evolution of regional layout of higher education in China can be divided into three stages. The first stage is the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, which preliminarily laid down the basic pattern of academic center distribution in China. 17 years after the founding of the People’s Republic of China and the "Cultural Revolution" as the second stage, the central government used strong planning and intervention to achieve a relatively balanced regional distribution of universities. The third stage is the new period of reform and opening up. Driven by market logic, higher education resources gather in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao metropolitan areas. The transfer of Chinese academic centers is realized under the combined influence of political, economic and cultural factors. "A promising government, an efficient market and an established university" is the basic logic for the transfer of academic centers in China.