推拉理论视域下高校人才流动困境及其治理路径

The Dilemma of Talent Flow in Colleges and Universities and Its Governance Path from The Perspective of Push-pull Theory

合理有序的人才流动,能够激发高校教师队伍的活力,增强高校的核心竞争力。然而,当前“双一流”建设背景下,高校人才流动呈现出区域流动失衡与校际流动失衡并发、整体流动率偏低与明星学者流动频繁并存,以及人才违约流动与高校限制流动的零和博弈等困境。推拉理论对分析高校人才流动具有较好的适用性。从推拉理论出发,要实现高校人才流动的良性治理,一是政府要发挥“中间障碍”作用,引导人才的合理流动,监测和约束功利化流动行为;二是高校要合理定位、特色发展,制定合理合法的人才引留政策,发挥“拉力”和“粘力”的作用;三是人才个人要树立正确的职业发展理念,利用和化解“推拉力”,积极参与流动的同时,严守学术道德,拒绝功利化流动。

Reasonable and orderly flow of talents can stimulate the vitality of college teachers and enhance the core competitiveness of colleges and universities.However,under the background of the current"Double First-Class"construction,the talent flow in colleges and universities presents some difficulties,such as the imbalance of regional flow and inter school flow,the low overall flow rate and the frequent flow of star scholars,as well as the zero-sum game between the talent default flow and the restricted flow in colleges and universities.The push-pull theory is applicable to the analysis of talent flow in colleges and universities.From the perspective of push-pull theory,in order to realize the benign governance of talent flow in colleges and universities,the first is to let the government play the role of"in-between obstacle",guide the reasonable flow of talents,monitor and restrict the utilitarian flow behavior.Secondly,colleges and universities should pursue reasonable positioning and characteristic development,formulate reasonable and legal policies to attract and retain talents,and play the role of"pulling force"and"cohesive force".Thirdly,Talents themselves should establish a correct concept of career development,skillfully handle the"push and pull",actively participate in the flow,strictly abide by academic ethics,and refuse utilitarian flow.