轻度盐碱地上5个梨品种品质差异分析

Quality difference analysis of 5 pear varieties on mild saline and alkaline land

为筛选出风味俱佳的梨果品种,调整天津梨果的品种结构,本文以轻度盐碱地上的5个梨品种为研究材料,分析了各品种梨果的口感风味、单果重、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、含水量、石细胞等品质指标。结果显示:‘黄冠’感官品质均较好,‘津香蜜’较差。‘黄冠’可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量最高(0.62 mg/g、10.88 mg/100g),但其硬度和含水量最低(1.76 kg/cm^(2)、81.94%);‘秋月’含水量、可溶性固形物含量最高(85.57%、17.98%),但其可溶性糖、Vc、石细胞含量最低(10.38mg/100g、1.19 mg/100g、0.09%);‘津香蜜’硬度和Vc含量最大(4.61 kg/cm2、4.89 mg/100g)。‘红香酥’石细胞含量最高(0.35%),但其单果重和可滴定酸含量最小(239.59 g,0.06%)。‘早酥红’单果重和可滴定酸含量最大(441.17 g,0.16%),但其可溶性固形物和可溶性蛋白含量最小(11.98%、0.27 mg/g)。综合隶属函数分析得出,‘秋月’综合品质最好,其次是‘黄冠’,‘津香蜜’‘红香酥’‘早酥红’较差。表明‘秋月’和‘黄冠’可作为天津市的主栽品种,但鉴于二者之间果皮色泽及光滑度的差异。因此,天津地区应选用‘黄冠’为主栽品种。

In order to screen out the varieties of pears with good flavor to adjust the variety structure of Tianjin pear fruit. The 5 varieties of pear fruits on mild saline-alkali land were rated as research materials. The quality indexes of the pear fruits were analyzed,such as taste, flavors, single fruit weight, soluble sugar, titratable acid, water content and stone cells, etc. The results showed that the sensory quality of the ‘Huangguan’ pear was good, and the ‘Jin Xiangmi’ was poor. The soluble protein and soluble sugar of the ‘Huangguan’ were the highest(0.62 mg/g, 10.88 mg/100 g), but its hardness and water content were the lowest(1.76 kg/cm^(2), 81.94%);The water content and soluble solid of ‘Akitsuki’ were the highest(85.57%, 17.98%), but its soluble sugar, Vc and stone cells were the lowest(10.38 mg/100 g, 1.19 mg/100 g, 0.09%);The hardness and Vc content of ‘Jin Xiangmi’ were the largest(4.61 kg/cm2, 4.89 mg/100 g). The stone cells content of ‘Hong Xiangsu’ was the highest(0.35%), but its single fruit weight and titratable acid content were the smallest(239.59 g, 0.06%). The single fruit weight and titratable acid content of ‘Zao Suhong’ were largest(441.17 g, 0.16%), but its soluble solids and soluble protein were the smallest(11.98%, 0.27 mg/g). According to comprehensive analysis of the index membership function, the comprehensive quality of ‘Akitsuki’ was the best, followed by the ‘Huangguan’, and ‘Jin Xiangmi’, ‘Hong Xiangsu’ and ‘Zao Suhong’ were poor, indicating that ‘Akitsuki’ pear and ‘Huangguan’ pear could be used as the main planting varieties of Tianjin. However, ‘Huangguan’ in view of the difference on the color and smoothness of the peel should be main variety in Tianjin.