准噶尔盆地周缘断裂属性与演化

Fault properties and evolution in the periphery of Junggar Basin

准噶尔盆地周缘发育晚古生代、中生代和新生代3期变形。晚古生代,天山—阿尔泰山—扎伊尔山—哈拉阿拉特山隆升,形成盆-山构造雏型;晚二叠世—侏罗纪,盆地周缘发育走滑断层,如:西北缘的乌夏断层、克百断层、红车断层等走滑断层,东北缘的红岩断层、克拉美丽断层、白家海断层等走滑断层,南缘的高泉断层、艾卡断层、南安集海断层、后峡拉分盆地等走滑构造。无论是从构造变形的运动学机制分析还是考虑构造变形时间的一致性,晚二叠世—侏罗纪准噶尔盆地周缘均发育右旋走滑断层。新生代天山再次隆升,南缘发育逆冲断层,与中生代构造叠加,形成"二期构造、深浅叠置"的构造格局。准噶尔盆地西北缘和东北缘的新生代变形微弱,保留了中生代走滑构造,发育与走滑构造有关的油气藏。准噶尔盆地南缘高探1井、呼探1井的勘探成果证实了走滑断层与逆冲构造叠加部位是有利的勘探目标。厘定准噶尔盆地的断裂特征和变形机制对地震解释和油气勘探具有重要意义。

There are three periods of deformation occurred in the Late Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic in the periphery of Junggar Basin. In Late Paleozoic, the Tianshan Mountains, Altai Mountains, Zaire Mountain and Halaalate Mountains uplifted and formed the basin-mountain tectonic framework. From Late Permian to Jurassic, strike-slip faults developed around the basin, such as the Wuxia fault, Kebai fault and Hongche fault in the northwest margin, the Hongyan fault, Karamaili fault and Baijiahai fault in the northeast margin, as well as the Gaoquan fault, Aika fault, South Anjihai fault and Houxia pull-apart basin in the southern margin. No matter from the perspective of the kinematic mechanism of structural deformation or the consistency in structural deformation time, dextral strike-slip faults developed in the periphery of Junggar Basin from Late Permian to Jurassic. The Tianshan Mountains uplifted again in the Cenozoic, and thrust faults developed in the southern margin of Junggar Basin, which superimposed with Mesozoic structures, forming a tectonic framework with two-stage deformation and superimposed deep and shallow structures. The Cenozoic deformation in the northwest and northeast margins of Junggar Basin was weak, Mesozoic strike-slip structures were preserved, and oil and gas reservoirs related to strike-slip structures were developed. The exploration results of Well Gaotan1 and Well Hutan1 prove that the superimposed region of strike-slip fault and thrust structure is a favorable exploration target in the southern margin of Junggar Basin. Determination of the fault characteristics and deformation mechanism of Junggar Basin is crucial to seismic interpretation and oil and gas exploration.