宅基地使用权抵押限制的审视与改进

Review and Improvement of the Mortgage Restriction on the Rural Homestead Land Use Right

还权赋能、稳定放活的农村宅基地抵押贷款改革蕴含着积极的制度效益和经济助推功能,但也暗藏农民失地、抵押财产无法变现、耕地被侵占等风险,因此需要兼顾助推效益与风险防控。基于对农村产权抵押贷款风险点及其防控措施的认识,一些主管部门和试点地方对宅基地抵押贷款人的准入资格和抵押物的设置与流转作出了某些限制,这些限制适应了试点阶段推进“两权”抵押改革的需要,但与当前稳慎推进宅基地制度改革的政策导向不符,需要秉承稳慎探索的原则进行调整,并增设新的优化措施来加以完善,以实现宅基地使用权抵押效益的最大化。

The reform of rural homestead mortgage loan with the goal of returning right and enabling and stabilizing release contains positive institutional benefits and economic boosting functions,but also hides risks such as farmers’loss of land,unrealizable mortgaged property,and encroachment of cultivated land.Therefore,it is necessary to give consideration to both boosting benefits and risk prevention and control to promote the reform.Based on the understanding of the risk points and prevention and control measures of rural property right mortgage loans,some competent departments and pilot places have imposed certain restrictions on the admittance qualifications of mortgage lenders for homestead sites and the setting and circulation of collateral.These restrictions adapt to the needs of promoting the“two-right”mortgage reform in the pilot stage,but at present,they are not consistent with the policy orientation of steadily promoting the reform of the homestead system.In order to maximize the benefit of the mortgage of the right to the use of homestead,the adjustment should be carried out in the principle of prudent exploration,and new optimization measures should be added to perfect it.