村集体角色与土地流转秩序——两种组织化流转模式的比较

The Role of Village Collective and Land Transfer Order——Comparative Study of Two Organized Land Transfer Modes

农业现代化背景下,农地规模化经营的需求不断凸显。为了降低交易成本,以村集体为载体的组织化流转成为推动农业转型的重要途径。皖南F县的两种组织化流转事实表明:流转方式不同,村集体的角色不同,形成的土地流转秩序也有很大的差异。在行政主导的组织化流转中,村集体扮演的是政府代理人的角色,村集体介入下流转关系发生了异化,从而造成了大户霸租、农户霸地的治理困境;而当组织化流转以村民自治的形式进行时,作为农民的联合体,村集体获得了农户的充分授权,交易双方的市场关系也得以保留,土地秩序实现了良性运转。因此,要充分认识制度安排对流转秩序的影响,防范地方政府过度干预土地流转的行为,在此基础上保持村民自治活力和规范性的制度建设,引导地方政府做好农业建设的基础性工作。

In the context of agricultural modernization,the demand for large-scale cultivated land management has become increasingly prominent.In order to reduce transaction costs,the organized land transfer with the village collective as a carrier proves an important way to promote agricultural transformation.The facts of the two types of organized transfers in F County in southern Anhui indicate that the transfer methods and the role of the village collective are different,and the land transfer order formed is also very different.In the administrative-led organizational transfer,the village collective plays the role of the government agent and the transfer relationship has been alienated under the intervention of the village collective,resulting in the governance dilemma of large households dominating rent and peasant households dominating land.While the organized land transfer is carried out in the form of villagers’autonomy,the village collective exists as a union of farmers,the village collective has obtained the full authorization of the farmers,the market relationship between the transaction parties is also preserved,and the land order has achieved a benign operation.Therefore,it is necessary to fully understand the impact of institutional arrangements on the order of land transfer,to prevent local governments from excessively interfering in land transfer,and on this basis,the vitality of villagers’autonomy and the establishment of a standardized system shall be maintained,and local governments shall be guided to do a good job in the basic work of agricultural construction.