氮肥运筹对杂交籼稻食味差异品种产量及米质的影响

Effects of nitrogen application regime on the yield and quality of indica hybrid rice varieties with different taste value

以杂交籼稻广优847(优质食味)和F优498(高产低食味)品种为材料,在总施氮量120 kg/hm^(2)和150 kg/hm^(2)条件下,设置基肥、蘖肥、穗肥施用比例分别为4∶4∶2、3∶3∶4、2∶2∶6共6种氮肥运筹综合管理方式,以不施氮肥处理为对照,研究氮肥运筹对2个食味差异品种产量及米质特征的影响及调控效应。结果表明:品种和氮肥运筹对2个杂交籼稻品种的产量、稻米加工及外观品质、RVA谱、蒸煮食味品质均有显著或极显著的影响;品种对精米率、整精米率、长宽比、垩白度和垩白粒率的调控效应大于氮肥运筹对其的调控;氮肥运筹对稻谷产量、稻米食味值的影响大于品种对其的影响;可通过优化产量构成因子,促进抽穗至成熟期水稻群体干物质累积,提高稻米蒸煮食味值。在总施氮量150 kg/hm^(2)下,基肥、蘖肥、穗肥的施用比例为3∶3∶4的氮肥运筹处理能显著提高2种杂交籼稻的产量,并能有效改善和提升稻米食味品质。

In order to explore the effects of different nitrogen(N)fertilizer management on the yield and quality of hybrid indica rice varieties with different taste value,we used the hybrid indica rice varieties Guangyou 847(high-quality taste)and F You 498(high-yield and low taste)as materials,and applied of six N fertilizer conditions,N application 120 kg/hm^(2) and 150 kg/hm^(2) with three fertilizer ratios of the base fertilizer,tiller fertilizer and spike fertilizer 4∶4∶2,3∶3∶4,2∶2∶6 and one control with no N treatment.The results showed that varieties and N fertilizer management had significant or extremely significant effects on the yield,rice processing and appearance quality,RVA profile,and cooking and eating quality of indica hybrid rice with different tastes.The effects of varieties on milled rice rate,head rice rate,length width ratio,chalkiness and chalky grain rate were favor of the N fertilizer nitrogen management.The effect of nitrogen management on rice yield and taste value was more obvious than that of varieties.The yield components could be further optimized to promote dry matter accumulation in the rice population from heading to maturity stage and improve rice cooking taste value.The condition of 150 kg/hm^(2) N rate and 3∶3∶4 fertilizer ratio could significantly increase the rice yield of various hybrid indica rice varieties and effectively improve the taste quality of rice.