播种方式对直播棉产量及品质的影响

Effects of sowing methods on the yield and quality of direct seeding cotton

2019年,以湖南农业大学选育的JX0010为供试材料,开展播期(5月24日、6月3日)、播种深度(2、4 cm)和覆盖物(基质、50%基质+50%耕作层土壤、耕作层土壤)的三因素再裂区试验,研究不同播种方式对棉花出苗率、产量及纤维品质的影响。结果表明:6月3日播种、播种深度为2 cm时,采用混合土覆种,其出苗率和出苗穴率均最高,分别达88%和95%;播期对单株铃数存在显著影响,随着播期的推迟,单株铃数减少;覆盖物对马克隆值有显著影响,用50%基质+50%耕作层土壤作为覆盖物,其马克隆值较低,可纺性能较好;播种深度对棉花整齐度指数和纺纱均匀性指数有显著影响,随着播种深度增加,整齐度指数和纺纱均匀性指数均增加;播期对棉花纤维的伸长率有显著影响,随着播期的推迟,伸长率显著提高。综合分析,6月初播种、播种深度为2 cm、混合土覆种为湖南棉区油后直播棉较适宜的栽培方式,有利于达到棉花一播全苗、高产质优的目的。

To establish a high-yield and high-efficiency mode of direct seeding cotton in Hunan cotton planting region,we sued the cotton variety JX0010 provided by Hunan Agricultural University as the test material and investigated the sowing dates,sowing depths and covering soil material’s effect on the seedling emergence rate,yield and fiber quality of cotton.The results showed when cotton seeds were saw on June 3 and the sowing depth was 2 cm,the seedling emergence rate and seedling hole rate were the highest,the highest seedling emergence rate and seedling hole rate reached 88%and 95%,respectively.The sowing date had a significant effect on boll number per plant.With the delay of the sowing date,boll number per plant decreased.The results showed that mulch had significant effect on micronaire value,an index of fiber quality of the treatment with 50%substrate plus 50%arable soil as mulch was better.The sowing depth had significant effect on cotton evenness index and spinning evenness index,which increased with the increase of sowing depth.The results showed that the elongation of cotton fiber was significantly affected by sowing date,and the elongation increased significantly with the delay of sowing date.Sowing at the beginning of June with thedepth 2 cm and mixing soil mulching was the optimal cultivation method for Hunan region.It is beneficial to all cotton seedlings in one sowing, achieving the goal of high yield and high quality.