阿根廷南极政策:国际制度合作中的主权声索

Argentina's Antarctic Policy:Sovereignty Claims in International Institutional Cooperation

阿根廷于1959年成为《南极条约》原始缔约国,既保留了对主权的要求,又作为“关键支点”巩固南极国际制度。制度合作中暗藏诸多巩固主权声索国地位的伏笔。在后主权时代,阿根廷政府主动适应南极条约体系的机制约束,将南极利益嵌入国内政治,通过治理机构文职化实现与国际制度垂直互动,将科学活动仪式化以累积主权声索的碎片化依据,通过设施完善和人才培养行使属人和“准属地”管辖权,提议建立海洋保护区以期支配潜在“领海”和“专属经济区”,与拉美国家互助合作应对南极“再安全化”可能。阿根廷南极政策对其国内政治和国际制度有效性产生双重影响。中国可在中阿双边互惠合作、国内南极政策法规完善和国际制度博弈三个层次获得启示。

Argentina became the original contracting party of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959.It not only retained Argentina's claim right to territorial sovereignty,but also consolidated the Antarctica international system as a“pivotal middle power”.There are many foreshadows in the institutional cooperation to consolidate the status of sovereignty claimants.In the era of post-sovereignty,the Argentine government forwardly adapted to the constraints of Antarctic treaty system,embedded the Antarctic interests domestic politics in Antarctic mechanism.Argentine enhanced the administration system of civilian to fulfill vertical international interaction,ritualized science activities to accumulate the fragmented sovereignty evidence,strengthened the infrastructure construction and scientific personnel training to exercise quasi-jurisdiction.In addition,Argentine proposed the establishment of Marine Protected Areas to control potential“territorial water”and“Exclusive Economic Zones”.It also cooperated preemptively with Latin American countries to deal with the“re-securitization”possibility of Antarctica in future.Argentina s Antarctic policy has had a dual impact on domestic politics situation and institutional cooperation effectiveness.China can get enlightenment from three levels that is bilateral mutually beneficial collaboration,domestic Antarctic policy and regulations improvement and international institutional games among parties.