论葛洪伦理思想产生的思想文化背景

On Ideological and Cultural Background of Ge Hong’s Ethical Thoughts

魏晋时期"文学"思想非常繁荣,这里的"文学"包罗经学、玄学,以及宗教等领域。此番繁荣可谓汉武帝独尊儒术以来鲜有的学界盛况:儒家理论精神式微,经学不再独尊,百家之学复起,玄学一度成为时代思潮的核心。葛洪求学时玄学"崇有"派仍有相当影响,他的学问由经学入门,又因"文学"思想界活跃的原因,由儒家而转入百家之学。加之其时道教发展迅猛,社会上隐逸之风盛行,恋生贵生意识强烈,葛洪在兼收各家的基础上,最终选择了以追求"长生久视"为自己的最高人生理想。

During the Wei and Jin Time( 220-420 AD) of Chinese history,"Literature"was very prosperous and expansive,covering Confucian classics,metaphysics,religion and other ideological fields. The academic situation can be described as rare since Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty( 141 BC) only respected Confucianism. At the time,Confucian theory declined in its influence,no longer being respected as exclusive,and hundreds of schools of learning revived,and metaphysics once became the core of the contemporary ideology. When Ge Hong( 283-363 AD) started his academic career,the school of "Chongyou"in metaphysics still had a considerable influence.He started his learning from Confucian classics,and then changed to the study of hundreds of schools because of the active "Literature "ideological circle. Later,the rapid development of Taoism,the prevalence of seclusion in the society,and the strong sense of love for life led Ge Hong finally to the pursuit of "living eternally"as his ultimate aim of life after he had studied the ideas of many different kinds of ideological schools.