我国土壤环境管理政策进展与展望

Progress and Prospect of Soil Environmental Management Policy in China

土壤是经济社会可持续发展的物质基础,关系人民群众身体健康,关系美丽中国建设,保护好土壤环境是推进生态文明建设和维护国家生态安全的重要内容。本文系统梳理了20世纪80年代以来中国土壤环境管理政策发展历程,并将其划分为土壤环境基础调查、农用地土壤污染治理、土壤污染状况调查和试点示范、土壤污染风险管控四个阶段,提出了当前基于风险管控的土壤环境管理总体思路,以及土壤污染预防和保护、农用地分类管理、建设用地准入管理等主要制度具体要求。立足土壤污染防治实际和生态环境保护新形势、新要求,分析今后一段时期中国土壤环境管理的发展趋势,并从制度标准完善、分级分类分区差异化防控、风险协同管控、技术创新等方面提出完善对策与建议。

Soil is the material basis of sustainable economic and social development,related to the health of the people and the construction of“Beautiful China”.Protecting the soil environment is an important part of promoting the construction of ecological civilization and maintaining national ecological security.This paper systematically reviews the development of soil environmental management policy in China since 1980s,and divides it into four stages:basic survey of soil environment(the 6th Five-Year Plan to the 8th Five-Year Plan),soil pollution control of agricultural land(the 9th Five-Year Plan and the 10th Five-Year Plan),soil pollution investigation and pilot demonstration(the 11th Five-Year Plan and the 12th Five-Year Plan),soil pollution risk control(the 13th Five-Year Plan),and puts forward the general idea of current soil environmental management based on risk management and control,as well as the specific requirements of main systems such as soil pollution prevention and protection,agricultural land classification management and threshold management of construction land.Based on the reality of soil pollution prevention and control in China and the current situation and latest requirements of ecological environment protection,this paper analyzes the development trend of soil environmental management in China in the future,and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions for improvement from the aspects of improving system standards,hierarchical,classification and zoning differentiated prevention and control,risk collaborative management and technological innovation and so on.