近20年我国生态补偿研究进展与实践模式

Research Progress,Policy Evolution and Practice of Ecological Compensation in China in the Past 20 Years

本研究通过对20年来我国生态补偿相关文献的发文数量、重要文献等进行统计,采用文献检索和文献计量等方法,分析我国在生态补偿研究区域、研究领域、关键环节等方面的研究趋势,并基于政策变迁视角,从政策的制定思路、政策文本形式以及政策执行主体等维度来探究我国生态补偿20年政策发展历程,提炼出具有中国特色的生态补偿模式的形成过程。结果显示,热点领域和热点区域研究直接受政策导向影响,区域重大战略催生区域生态补偿研究呈井喷式增长,生态补偿政策实践力度大、范围广、领域多,制度设计从分散体现走向精准聚焦,补偿领域从单点起步走向全面布局,补偿模式由自上而下走向多元参与。随着我国生态文明建设迈入新征程,展望生态补偿未来改革和创新路径,建议围绕“全面”“综合”“多元”“民生”等核心关键词,探索基于多学科交叉的创新性研究,将生态补偿的研究进一步与制度创新、技术创新等相结合,以法制化、多元化、市场化和信息化为核心,推动生态补偿向更加立体、更加纵深和更加系统的方向发展。

This study reviews numerous pieces of literature related to eco-compensation in China over the past 20 years,and analyzes the research trends in the pilot area,research fields,and key links of eco-compensation in China based on literature retrieval and bibliometric analysis.Then it explores the 20-year evolution of eco-compensation policy in China from the perspective of policy formulation,policy form,and policy implementation subject,and extracts the formation process of eco-compensation model with Chinese characteristics.It is implied that the research on domain regions and hot fields is directly stimulated by the policy guidance;major regional strategies can promote the rapid growth of regional eco-compensation research.The practices of eco-compensation policy are intense and cover wide scopes and various fields.The institutional design has been evolved from decentralized to accurate and focused.The compensation fields are moved from single-point towards comprehensive.And the compensation modes are transformed from the top-down mode to bringing in multiple participation.As the ecological civilization is stepping into a new era in China,which calls for further reform and innovation of eco-compensation,it is recommended to focus on keywords such as comprehensiveness,synthesis,diversification,and people’s livelihood.Innovative research based on multidisciplinary approaches should be explored.Eco-compensation research should be further integrated with institutional and technological innovation.Taking legalization,diversification,marketization and informatization as the main development orientation,eco-compensation should be promoted towards a more three-dimensional,in-depth and systematic direction.