污染场地风险管控环境经济政策体系:国外经验与本土实践

Environmental Economic Policy System for Risk Management of Contaminated Sites:Foreign Experience and Local Practice

快速城市化和工业化给我国带来了大量的场地污染问题,污染场地修复和风险管控成为国土资源可持续利用的重要领域,创新土壤污染防治经济政策,充分发挥市场调节作用是土壤污染防治的内在要求,是破解土壤生态环境问题、推进土壤污染防治管理转型的重要支撑。本文从经济政策的体系、投融资模式与机制等方面展开,对美国、德国、荷兰等发达国家的污染场地风险管控环境经济政策进行了梳理分析,总结其可借鉴的成功经验;介绍了我国污染场地风险管控环境经济政策实施现状,最终从完善调控体系、明晰权责归属、拓宽资金来源、规范资金运营、丰富投融资模式、探索费用效益分析机制等方面提出我国污染场地风险管控环境经济政策体系的改进建议。

Rapid urbanization and industrialization have brought a large number of site pollution problems in China,and the remediation and risk control of contaminated sites have become an important area for the sustainable use of national land resources.Innovative economic policies for soil pollution prevention and control and giving full play to the role of market regulation are the inherent requirements for soil pollution prevention and control,and are important supports for solving soil ecological and environmental problems and promoting the transformation of soil pollution prevention and control management.The formulation of scientific and effective risk management and environmental economic policies will be particularly critical to increase the use of limited funds for the restoration of contaminated sites.This paper carries out a detailed review of the environmental and economic policies of risk management and control for contaminated sites in developed countries,discussed the scope of policy management,investment and financing mechanisms,and typical cases.Secondly,this paper introduces the current implementation status of China’s pollution site risk management and environmental economic policies,analyzes and summarizes the differences of policy system between China and developed countries at the implementation process.Finally,based on the successful experience of developed countries’risk management and control economic policies,this paper proposes suggestions for the improvement of the environmental economic policy system for risk control of contaminated sites in China.