全球主要国家开展碳中和的做法及经验借鉴

The Practice and Experience of Carbon Neutralization in Major Countries Around the World

2018年10月,联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会发布报告,呼吁各国采取行动,为把升温控制在1.5摄氏度之内而努力。2020年9月22日,国家主席习近平在第75届联合国大会上提出:"中国将提高国家自主贡献力度,采取更加有力的政策和措施,二氧化碳排放力争于2030年前达到峰值,努力争取2060年前实现碳中和"。世界很多国家均设定了碳中和目标的实现时间,并已经在土地、能源、工业、建筑、运输和城市等领域展开了多项实践,为我国实现碳中和目标的路径设计提供了经验借鉴。本文在总结碳中和国际实践做法的基础上,对我国的碳中和进展及面临的挑战进行分析,提出推动产业结构转型、注重技术创新、完善碳交易市场和金融市场建设等建议。

In October 2018,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)issued a report calling for all countries to take action to control the temperature rise to within 1.5 degrees Celsius.On September 22,2020,Chinese President Xi proposed at the 75th Session of the United Nations General Assembly that"China will increase its nationally determined contributions and adopt more effective policies and measures,strive to reach the peak of carbon dioxide emissions by 2030,and strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060".Most countries in the world have set a time to achieve the carbon neutral target,and have carried out a number of practices in the fields of land,energy,industry,construction,transportation and cities,which provide experience for China to design the path to achieve the carbon neutral target.