植物工厂立体照明及其应用策略

Definition and Application Strategy for Stereo Lighting in Plant Factory

人工光植物工厂可采用LED照明和无土栽培技术生产绝大多数农作物种类,包括低矮(叶菜、根菜等)和高大植株种类(工业大麻、甘草等)。人工光植物工厂通常采用传统的顶部光照的生产模式,但由于照射灯具及其照射方位固定单一,植物冠层截获的光照强度和光质固定(仅随植株大小或株龄变化),而且冠层上部叶片必然遮挡过滤来自上方的光辐射。经冠层上层叶片充分过滤吸收后,冠层下方叶片的光照强度的锐减,导致叶片光照不足,易衰老,削减了植株光合效率和高产潜力。针对上述问题作者提出了LED立体照明的观点。本文重点阐述了立体照明的定义、内涵和生物学原理,并以工业大麻为例提出了立体照明的应用策略。

Most crop species can be cultivated in plant factory with artificial light(PFAL)using LED lighting and soilless cultivation technologies,including low plant species(e.g.leafy vegetable and root vegetable)and high plant species(industrial hemp and glycyrrhiza etc.).Traditionally,PFAL with LED top lighting is typical way to cultivate plants.However,light intensity,photoperiod and light quality captured by plant canopy is relatively consistent due to fixed lamp and lighting position(only changing with plant age and size),thus upper leaves have to block the light from lower leaves.After full absorption and filtration by upper leaves,less light intensity and changed light quality arrives subcanopy leaves.As a result,weak light will lead to leaf senescence earlier in growth stage,which will reduce photosynthesis and biomass accumulation.Aiming at above problems,the author put forward a novel light pattern named stereo lighting.In this paper,definition and connotation as well as biological principle of stereo lighting are collected,highlighting the application strategy of stereo lighting taking industrial hemp production as an example.