一种重力势能小车的结构设计

结合全国大学生工程训练综合能力竞赛要求,设计开发出一种以重力势能转化为动能的具有方向控制功能的自行小车,使该小车能按"S"轨迹自动行走并依次绕过赛道上设置的等间距障碍物。1)动能方面:采用砝码从高处下坠产生的重力势能,通过重物带动细绳,由细绳将产生的重力势能传递给齿轮从而为小车提供动能,进而使小车运动。2)转向方面:采用曲柄摇杆机构,通过改变摇杆、连杆、曲柄的长度,从而达到对小车行驶路径的控制。并且通过进行简单的结构参数调节,使小车适应障碍物的间距变化从而进行行动轨迹的控制。小车整体结构简单,工作原理简单易懂。该重力势能小车的整体设计结果满足无碳小车的基本要求,且能按照规定的路径进行正常行驶。随着人们节能环保意识的提升,无碳的理念也越来越被人们提上研究的课题。更洁净、更环保、更节能、更高效的理念也深入人心。本小车是对"无碳"理念的探索与开发,对未来"无碳"的憧憬,并且能满足大部分初高中生及大学生对机械知识实践的实验与了解,对于激发青少年对机械构造的热情也具有深远的影响。

According to the requirements of the national comprehensive ability competition of engineering training for college students,a kind of self-guided car with direction control function is designed and developed,which can convert gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy.The car can walk automatically according to the "S" track and bypass the equal-spaced obstacles set on the track in turn.1) Kinetic energy:the gravitational potential energy generated by the weight falling from a high place is used to drive the rope through the weight,and the gravitational potential energy generated by the rope is transferred to the gear so as to provide kinetic energy for the car and then make the car move.2) Steering:the use of crank-rocker mechanism,by changing the length of the rocker,connecting rod,crank,so as to achieve the control of the car driving path.And through the simple adjustment of structural parameters,the vehicle can adapt to the change of the distance between obstacles so as to control the trajectory of action.The overall structure of the car is simple,and the working principle is simple and easy to understand.The overall design results of the gravitational potential car meet the basic requirements of the carbon-free car and can drive normally according to the specified path.With the improvement of people’s awareness of energy conservation and environmental protection,the concept of no carbon is more and more put forward by people.The concept of cleaner,more environmentally friendly,more energy saving and more efficient is also deeply rooted in people’s hearts.This car is the exploration and development of the concept of "no carbon",and the vision of "no carbon" in the future,and can meet the majority of junior high school and college students of mechanical knowledge practice experiment and understanding to stimulate teenagers enthusiasm for mechanical structure also has a far-reaching impact.