关闭煤炭矿区资源利用与可持续发展的几点思考

Reflections on resource utilization and sustainable development of closed coal mining areas

随着中国能源结构的调整,煤炭开采从原来的分散式开采向精细化、集中化和精准化发展,矿井数量大幅度减少,大量资源枯竭及落后产能矿井面临关闭或废弃。这一转变将使中国现阶段及未来很长一段时间都将面临与德国相似的“后采矿”时代。从中国能源结构发展的大趋势以及煤炭资源开发的宏观战略来看,已经关闭和即将关闭的大量矿井或者矿区重新恢复开采的可能性不大。矿井的关闭或废弃不仅会带来水、大气等环境污染问题,还会带来企业职工难以安置、固定资产难以处理等社会经济问题。因此,本文针对矿区关闭或废弃后出现的问题,借鉴德国应对后采矿的处理方案、后采矿工业区资源可持续发展战略,对比中国对关闭矿区的处理案例,提出了应把矿区关闭后资源的利用纳入整个矿山开发的顶层设计中的理念,以及煤炭地下空间、矿井水等资源综合利用的思路。国内外虽提出了形式多样的废弃矿井利用方案,但总体利用率不高,仍需继续深入探究关闭矿区资源利用基础理论和手段方法,以及应对关闭矿区后发展需要的教育与技术人才培养措施。

With the adjustment of China’s energy structure, decentralized coal mining has been transformed into refined, centralized and precise mining, which greatly reduces the number of coal mines in China.And a large number of coal mines with exhausted resources and backward production capacity are facing closure or abandonment.This transformation will confront China, at present and for a long time in the future, with a "post-mining" era similar to that in Germany.From the development trend of the transformation of China’s energy structure and the macro strategy of coal resource development, there is no possibility to re-develop those coal mines that have been closed or will be closed.The closed mines not only cause environmental problems such as water and air pollution, but also social and economic problems such as difficulty in relocating employees and disposing fixed assets.Therefore, in view of the problems after the mining area is closed or abandoned, the treatment plans for post mining and the sustainable development strategy of resources in post mining industrial zone in Germany are referenced in this paper.Compared with the treatment schemes of closed mining areas in China, the concept that the utilization of resources after the closure of mining areas should be included in the top-level design of the whole mine development, and the idea of comprehensive utilization of coal underground space, mine water and other resources are proposed.Although various forms of abandoned mine utilization schemes have been put forward at home and abroad, the overall utilization rate is not high.It is still necessary to further explore the basic theories and methods of resource utilization in closed mining areas, as well as the corresponding education and technical personnel training measures to meet the development of these areas.