细菌治疗肿瘤的发展现状及趋势

Current Situation and Development Trend of Bacteriolytic Therapy of Tumor

癌症治疗依然是现代医学难题,这使得“非常规”治疗手段——细菌治疗肿瘤再次成为21世纪的研究热点。细菌治疗肿瘤主要基于刺激机体产生的免疫反应以及部分细菌能够靶向性进入实体肿瘤内部生长繁殖的特性。通过展示肿瘤靶向分子或者敲除部分基因可以增加细菌的肿瘤靶向性和生物相容性;表达细胞毒性蛋白和免疫因子等可以有效抑制肿瘤的生长。借助于纳米材料的发展,细菌联合纳米技术以及其自身产物的纳米属性治疗肿瘤的研究也得到了快速发展。除此之外,细菌联合化疗、放疗和免疫治疗等方式对肿瘤进行综合治疗,显示出较高的抗肿瘤效果和低毒副作用。因此,探究细菌的肿瘤靶向性、免疫抗肿瘤特性以及辅助临床治疗,将为人类最终攻克癌症提供新的思路和途径。

Cancer treatment remains a stuffy problem,which makes the“unconventional”treatment method become the research hotspot in the 21th century.Bacteriolytic therapy of tumor is mainly based on the stimulation of innate immunity and the targeting colonization of some bacteria in solid tumors.Gene modification of the bacteria with tumor-targeting expressing proteins or gene deletion can increase their tumor targeting ability and biocompatibility.The bacteria equipped with cytotoxic proteins and immune factors can efficiently restrain tumor growth.By the virtue of nanomaterial developments,rapid progresses have been made in researches on the treatment of tumors by combining bacteria with nanotechnology and the nanometer properties of bacterial products.Besides,tumor targeting bacteria can effectively reduce the side effects of clinical treatments,such as chemotherapy,radiotherapy,and immunotherapy,and enhance their anti-tumor effects.Exploring the tumor targeting ability,immune anti-tumor property of bacteria,as well as auxiliary for clinical treatment will provide a new idea and approach for human to conquer cancer.