论安保义务人的追偿权——以《民法典》第1198条的解释为中心

On the Maintaining Safety Obligor’s Indemnification Right——Centered on the Interpretation of Article 1198 of the Civil Code

安全保障义务人的追偿权问题,事关"相应的补充责任"责任类型的解释,理论界与实务界对此争议较大。从《民法典》总则编和侵权责任编追偿权制度设置的立法目的看,旨在保护中间责任人的利益,避免为他人受过,安全保障义务人承担的"相应的补充责任"是与其过错程度和原因力相当的损害赔偿责任,即自己责任不应享有追偿权。解释路径上,可以对《民法典》第1198条第1款、第2款及《民法典》第1197条进行解释,协调第1198条的内部适用与外部适用,统一违反安全保障义务(注意义务)引发损害赔偿的责任承担规则。

The issue on the maintaining safety obligor’s indemnification right involves the explanation of the liability types of"the corresponding supplementary responsibilities",and there is a big dispute about it between the theoretical and practical circle.From the legislative purpose of general part and tort liability of the Civil Code setting indemnification right system,it aims to protect the intermediate obligor’s interests to avoid taking the blame for others,and the maintaining safety obligor undertakes"the corresponding supplementary liability"which is liability for damage that is correspondent to the degree of fault and causal force,that is,direct liability,and should not enjoy the indemnification right.In the way of interpretation,Article 1198(1)and(2)and Article 1197 ofthe Civil Code might be interpreted so as to coordinate the internal and external application of Article 1198 and unifythe undertaking responsibilities rules of compensation for damage caused by breaching the duty of maintaining safety.