论《民法典》第146条第1款的司法适用——以房屋买卖合同为视角

On the Judicial Application of Paragraph 1 of Article 146 of The Civil Code:From the Perspective of Housing Sales Contract

在司法实践中,以虚假房屋买卖合同的方式逃避税款或骗取银行贷款的现象频发。法院在审理虚假房屋买卖合同纠纷时审判标准不一,存在虚假行为和恶意串通规则适用混乱的问题。我国《民法总则》第146条第1款首次对虚假行为进行了规定,《民法典》延续了这一制度,但是并未规定“虚假行为的无效不得对抗善意第三人”。正确厘清虚假行为和恶意串通规则之间的关系、明确善意取得制度与虚假行为不得对抗规则之间的界限是解决上述问题的关键所在。

In judicial practice,the phenomenon of fraudulently obtaining bank loans or evading taxes by means of false housing sales contract is frequent.The court has different adjudication standards when trying disputes over false housing sales contract,and there are problems of confusing application of false acts and malicious collusion rules.Paragraph 1 of Article 146 of The Civil Code of China stipulates false acts for the first time,but it does not stipulate that"the invalidity of false acts shall not be against bona fide third parties".The key to solve the above problems is to correctly clarify the relationship between the false act and the rules of malicious collusion and to clarify the boundary between the bona fide acquisition system and the rules of no false act against each other.