特朗普执政时期美国国会涉华法案及其影响

China Related Acts Passed by the US Congress During Trump’s Administration and Their Implications

特朗普执政时期是美国政治生态出现对立和撕裂非常严重的时期,党派的严重对立、国会与白宫行政部门之间的对峙、特朗普特立独行的强势执政风格及其与党派领袖、内阁成员的个人争斗纠缠在一起,形成了错综复杂的立法环境。特朗普政府与国会在立法环境极为复杂艰难的情况下,却进一步推动并加强了对华政策的法律化。民主、共和两党与白宫联手推动涉华法案屡屡突破禁区,国会和白宫在对华政策上出现了高度契合。这说明在整体对华政策强硬的大环境下,美国国内遏制派的声音跨越两党,占了上风。这些立法结果对中美关系造成了巨大的负面影响,甚至有些影响是短时间内无法消除和修复的。而对于美国国内而言,采取对华强硬的外交政策的政治溢出效应就是可以产生转移视线、掩盖国内矛盾、获取选民政治同情的效果。

During the tenure of the Trump administration,the political ecology of the United States was seriously antagonistic and torn.The serious opposition between parties,the confrontation between Congress and the White House,the strong personality of President Trump and personal struggles among the President,the party leaders and the cabinet members were entangled,forging a complex legislative environment.However,under such difficult legislative conditions,the Trump administration and Congress pushed forward the legalization of policies towards China.It repeatedly occurred that the Democrats,the Republicans and the White House joined hands to push the China related bills,broke through some forbidden fields,and there was a high degree of agreement between Congress and the White House on China policy.This illustrated that the voice for the containment of China had gained the upper hand in both major parties.These acts and bills produced significant negative impacts on Sino-U.S.relations,some of which cannot be eliminated and repaired in the short term.For the United States,the political spillover effect of adopting a tough foreign policy towards Beijing was that it covered up domestic divisions and helped politicians to gain political sympathy and identity from voters.