我国兜底性民生服务体系构建——从基本保障到社会服务

From Basic Social Security to Social Services:The Establishment of the Programs to Improve People’s Livelihood and Provide Social Welfare Assistance in China

随着我国全面小康社会的建成,兜底性民生工作的重点将从对贫困群体基本生活保障服务为主转向以提升贫困群体的机会、能力和动机为目标的积极兜底性民生服务为主。兜底性民生服务是政府为保障困难群众生活需要和促进其摆脱贫困而向其提供的各种服务的总和,是政府兜底性民生保障体系中的服务保障部分。兜底性民生服务的重点主要是从兜底和服务两个维度展开对困难群体的心理健康、社会支持、就业与能力提升等方面的服务以及对困境儿童、困难老人、困难残障人士等特殊人群的民生关怀服务。完善兜底性民生服务体系建设的着力点在于强化政府主管部门的责任分工与合作体系,优化服务提供的体制机制,加强专业服务能力培育,建立一支专业化、职业化的兜底性民生服务领域的社会工作人才队伍。

By achieving an all-round well-off society in China,the focus of the programs for improving people’s livelihood and providing social welfare assistance will be shifted from delivering basic livelihood security for the poor to active livelihood services aimed at improving their opportunities,capabilities and motivations.The basic social welfare assistance services are the sum of various social services provided by the government to protect the people in need and alleviate poverty.These efforts are a part of government programs for improving people’s livelihood and providing social welfare assistance.The main tasks of the basic social welfare assistance services from the two dimensions are:first,to provide safeguard services for the poor people in need in areas such as mental health,social support,employment and capacity building;and second,to provide services for those special groups such as children,the elderly and the disabled in distress.To improve the basic social welfare assistance service system,efforts should be concentrated on strengthening the responsibilities and cooperation of related government authorities in order to optimize the system and mechanism of service provisions,and also on establishing a professional social work-team in the field to reinforce specialized service capabilities.