作为伦理行动的“模仿”——R. S.克兰诗学研究中的伦理批评

Imitation as Ethical Action:Ethical Criticism in R. S. Crane’s Study of Poetics

作为芝加哥文学批评派的领军人物,R. S.克兰最富争议的事业是对亚里士多德《诗学》的研究与复兴。在形式主义文学批评引导风潮的时期,克兰将目光放在"文类"与"模仿"等经典问题上,以重回亚里士多德《诗学》的方式思考现代文学批评的改革之路。在克兰看来,文本是一个具体、完整的对象,形式是将文本各要素统筹组织起来的动态建构原则,这一建构活动是创作者基于自身自然心性而完成的"模仿"行动。"模仿"作为伦理行动与创作者及批评者对自我的理解及塑造密不可分。学会对"模仿"的技巧与品质作出伦理判断,正是克兰在其诗学研究中试图探索的伦理批评路径。

R. S. Crane’s most controversial career is his study and revival of Aristotle’s poetics. When formalist literary criticism led the trend,Crane focused on the classic issues such as "genre"and "imitation"and reconsidered modern literary criticism in the way of returning to poetics. In Crane’s view,the text is a concrete and complete object,and the form is the dynamic construction principle that organizes all elements in the text as a whole. This construction activity is also the "imitation"action of the creator based on his own Natural. As an ethical action,"imitation"is closely related to the understanding and shaping of creators,and critics’ selves.