《小径分叉的花园》中的文化异托邦

Cultural Heterotopia in The Garden of Forking Paths

博尔赫斯的民族立场与身份定位是学界一大谜题。《小径分叉的花园》被忽视的"花园"是典型的文化迷宫,有着中西合璧的外在形态,并置着时空交错的多元历史镜像,是承载着对于文明丰富哲思的异托邦。在对花园进行的跨越时空的玄思中,博尔赫斯看清了民族强弱与文化冲突的暂时性,超越了特定历史语境下纠结的民族难题,达到了对世界的和谐认知。然而,真实时间与艺术时间壁垒分明,个体的现实选择最终确立各自的文化姿态与立场。博尔赫斯没有重复以往关于无限的书写,独创了关于文化身份的新探索。无论历史风云如何变幻,人在选择中成就其自身;而只有穿越时空,才能突破现实局限做出本真的选择。自我的身份价值,就存在于这看似悖谬的互动关系中。

The national standpoint and identity of Jorge Luis Borges is a puzzle in the academic world. The neglected "garden"in The Garden of Forking Paths is a typical cultural labyrinth. It has a external form of combining Chinese and Western elements,juxtaposing the multiple historical mirror images of the interlacement of time and space,and it is a heterotopia bearing rich philosophies of civilization. In the profound thought of the garden spanning time and space,Borges sees the temporality of national strength and cultural conflicts,transcends the national dilemma in a specific historical context,and reaches a harmonious cognition of the world. However,there is a clear barrier between real time and artistic time,and individual realistic choices eventually establish their own cultural postures and positions.