共伴生多金属尾矿中重金属的高温固化研究进展

Research Progress on High Temperature Solidification of Heavy Metals in Co-associated Polymetallic Tailings

国家经济建设的快速发展带来了固体废弃物的大量排放。尤其是含有微量重金属的共伴生多金属尾矿,其可能含有的Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Mn、As、Cr、Ni等无法降解且易受环境影响而发生迁移的重金属,属于持久性、高风险、难处理的污染源。因此对上述含重金属固体废弃物进行固化/稳定化处理并实现资源再利用是目前亟待解决的重要问题。本文首先介绍了多种共伴生多金属尾矿的现存状态及现有处置方式,给出了共伴生多金属尾矿制备结构或功能型建筑材料的相关物化性能,并对其中重金属固化机理进行了讨论。通过对比分析这些材料制备及使用过程中所展现的优缺点,本文最后对其发展趋势进行了预测及展望。

The rapid development of the national economic construction has brought large amount of solid wastes emission. In particular, the co-associated polymetallic tailings containing heavy metals, such as Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Mn, As, Cr, and Ni, are source of persistence and high risk pollution sources, which is more difficult to deal with, because the heavy metals are not easily degraded and easily removable from the environment. Therefore, solidification/stabilization treatment and resource reuse for the above solid wastes containing heavy metals is an important problem to be solved. In this paper, the existing state and disposal methods of co-associated polymetallic tailings are introduced. Then, the physicochemical properties of structural or functional building materials prepared from the co-associated polymetallic tailings are given and the curing mechanisms of heavy metals are discussed. Through the comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these materials in the process of preparation and use, the development trend of these materials is forecasted and prospected.