景德镇瓷业生产体系形成时代考

Research on the Formation Times of Jingdezhen Porcelain Production System

景德镇是闻名世界的瓷都,自明代以来便成为中国的制瓷中心,明代宋应星《天工开物·陶埏》对景德镇制瓷工序的详尽描述,为世人呈现了完善的景德镇瓷业生产体系。其实,景德镇瓷业生产体系的形成与完善经历了一个较长的历史时期,而并不是到明代成为全国制瓷中心时一蹴而就的。后人对景德镇瓷业生产体系的引用,绝大多数征引《天工开物·陶埏》,尤其是文尾"共计一坯工力,过手七十二方克成器,其中微细节目尚不能尽也"的描述,认为景德镇瓷业生产体系在明代才得以形成。通过对文献研究、结合考古调查工作及对宋代景德镇窑产品的分析,提出景德镇瓷业生产体系至迟在南宋时期就已经形成了。

The porcelain capital, Jingdezhen, renowned in the world, has become the national porcelain making center since Ming Dynasty. The detailed description of Jingdezhen’s porcelain-making process by Song Yingxing’s Tiangong Kaiwu(Heavenly Creations)in Ming Dynasty presents a complete Jingdezhen porcelain production system for the world. In fact, the formation and completion of the production system has gone through a long historical period, and it was not achieved overnight when it became the national porcelain making center in Ming Dynasty. Most of the quotations from later generations to Jingdezhen porcelain production system cited from Heavenly Creations, especially at the end of the article, "It will take more than seventy-two procedures to turn China clay into wares, ignoring tiny details.", describing that Jingdezhen porcelain production system was formed in Ming Dynasty. The author analyzes Jingdezhen kiln products in Song Dynasty through literature research combined with archaeological investigation, and proposes that the porcelain production system of Jingdezhen kiln has formed by Southern Song Dynasty.